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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 995-999, 2022. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405265

ABSTRACT

SUMMARY: Variations of the axillary artery may have clinical implications capable of generating unexpected situations during surgical procedures of arterial reconstruction or vascular catheterization. The objective of this work was to report the finding of an anatomical variant of the axillary artery, which may have clinical and surgical implications. A descriptive study was conducted, in which a unilateral vascular variation found during a routine dissection in a right upper limb of a male cadaver was reported. From the second portion of the axillary artery originated a common arterial trunk that gave rise to the subscapular, anterior humeral circumflex, posterior humeral circumflex and deep brachial arteries. The third portion of the axillary artery did not emit branches. The common arterial trunk originated from the second portion, 62.64 mm from the beginning of the axillary artery. Its total length was 23.72 mm and its thickness was 6.1 mm. The caliber of the branches originating from the common arterial trunk was: subscapular artery 5.1 mm, anterior humeral circumflex of 1.66 mm, posterior humeral circumflex 3.18 mm and deep brachial 3.73 mm. The vascular variant detected altered the anatomical relationship of the axillary artery with the brachial plexus, generating a modification in the position of the fascicles and their terminal branches. Anatomical variations of the axillary artery are not infrequent, knowing them may be necessary during surgical procedures or anatomical dissections.


RESUMEN: Las variaciones de la arteria axilar pueden tener implicancias clínicas capaces de generar situaciones inesperadas durante procedimientos quirúrgicos de reconstrucción arterial o cateterismo vascular. El objetivo de este trabajo fue reportar el hallazgo de una variante anatómica de la arteria axilar, la cual puede tener implicancias clínicas y quirúrgicas. Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, en el cual se reportó una variación vascular unilateral encontrada durante una disección de rutina en un miembro superior derecho de un cadáver de sexo masculino. De la segunda porción de la arteria axilar se originó un tronco arterial común que daba origen a las arterias subescapular, circunfleja humeral anterior, circunfleja humeral posterior y braquial profunda. La tercera porción de la arteria axilar no emitía ramas. El tronco arterial común se originaba de la segunda porción, a 62,64 mm del inicio de la arteria axilar. Su longitud total era de 23,72 mm y su grosor de 6,1 mm. El calibre de las ramas originadas del tronco arterial común fue: arteria subescapular 5,1 mm, circunfleja humeral anterior de 1,66 mm, circunfleja humeral posterior 3,18 mm y braquial profunda 3,73 mm. La variante vascular detectada alteraba las relaciones anatómicas de la arteria axilar con el plexo braquial, generando una modificación en la posición de los fascículos y sus ramos terminales. Las variaciones anatómicas de la arteria axilar son frecuentes, conocerlas puede ser necesario durante procedimientos quirúrgicos o disecciones anatómicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Axillary Artery/abnormalities , Truncus Arteriosus, Persistent , Anatomic Variation , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
2.
J. vasc. bras ; 20: e20210008, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279376

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Variations in the upper limb arterial pattern are commonplace and necessitate complete familiarity for successful surgical and interventional procedures. Variance in the vascular tree may involve any part of the axis artery of the upper limb, including the axillary artery and brachial artery or its branches, in the form of radial and ulnar arteries, which eventually supply the hand via anastomosing arches. Objectives To study the peculiarities of the arterial pattern of the upper limb and to correlate them with embryological development. Methods The entire arterial branching of forty-two upper limbs of formalin fixed adult human cadavers was examined during routine dissection for educational purposes, conducted over a 3-year period in the Department of Anatomy, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. Results The study found: 1) One case in which a common trunk arose from the third part of the axillary artery, which immediately splayed into four branches (2.4%); 2) High division of the brachial artery into ulnar and radial arteries, in 3 cases (7.1%); 3) Pentafurcation of the brachial artery into ulnar, interosseus, radial, and radial recurrent arteries and a muscular twig to the brachioradialis in 1/42 cases (2.4%); 4) Incomplete Superficial Palmar arch in 3/42 cases (7.1%); and 5) Presence of a median artery in 2/42 case(4.8%) Conclusions This study observed and described the varied arterial patterns of the upper limb and identified the various anomalous patterns, supplementing the surgeon's armamentarium in various surgical procedures, thereby helping to prevent complications or failures of reconstructive surgeries, bypass angiography, and many similar procedures.


Resumo Contexto As variações no padrão arterial dos membros superiores são comuns e, assim, necessitam de total familiaridade para que os procedimentos cirúrgicos e de intervenção sejam bem-sucedidos. A variância na árvore vascular pode envolver qualquer parte da artéria axial dos membros superiores, incluindo a artéria axilar, a artéria braquial ou os seus ramos, na forma das artérias radial e ulnar, as quais, em algum momento, suprem as mãos através dos arcos anastomosados. Objetivos Avaliar as peculiaridades do padrão arterial dos membros superiores e correlacioná-las ao desenvolvimento embriológico. Métodos Foram examinados os ramos arteriais completos de 42 membros superiores de cadáveres adultos conservados em formalina, os quais eram rotineiramente dissecados para fins educacionais durante 3 anos no Departamento de Anatomia Lady Hardinge Medical College, Nova Delhi. Resultados O estudo apresentou cinco desfechos. 1. Foi constatado um caso em que um tronco comum surgiu da terceira parte da artéria axilar que imediatamente se disseminou em quatro ramos (2,4%). 2. Houve divisão maior da artéria braquial em artérias ulnar e radial em três casos (7,1%). 3. Em um caso, ocorreu pentafurcação da artéria braquial em ulnar, interóssea, radial, radial recorrente e de um galho muscular em braquiorradial (2,4%). 4. Foi constatado arco palmar superficial incompleto em três dos 42 casos (7,1%). 5. Foi observada a presença da artéria mediana em 2 dos 42 casos (4,8%). Conclusões Este estudo compreende o padrão arterial do membro superior e identifica os diversos padrões anômalos para agregar ao arsenal terapêutico de cirurgiões para diversos procedimentos cirúrgicos, com o objetivo de combater quaisquer complicações ou falhas de cirurgias reconstrutivas, de angiografias de cirurgias de revascularização e muitas outras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Variation , Axillary Artery/embryology , Brachial Artery/embryology , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Upper Extremity/anatomy & histology , Upper Extremity/embryology
3.
J. vasc. bras ; 17(1): 61-65, jan.-mar. 2018. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-894154

ABSTRACT

Abstract The suprascapular artery is normally a branch of the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery. During dissection of the left upper limb of a female cadaver, aged 70 years and fixed in 10% formalin solution, the suprascapular artery was observed aberrantly arising from the first part of the axillary artery. Later, it coursed obliquely behind the clavicle bone and brachial plexus to reach the suprascapular notch, where it was accompanied by the suprascapular nerve. Then, both suprascapular nerve and artery anomalously traversed beneath the transverse scapular ligament. It then irrigated the supraspinatus muscles and took part in the anastomosis around the scapula. On the contralateral side there was no abnormality. Variations in the origin and course of suprascapular artery are of immense value to orthopedic and vascular surgeons, angiographists, and anatomists.


Resumo A artéria supraescapular normalmente se apresenta como um ramo do tronco tireocervical da artéria subclávia. Durante a dissecção do membro superior esquerdo de um cadáver do sexo feminino com idade de 70 anos fixado em solução de formol 10%, observou-se que a artéria supraescapular tinha origem aberrante na primeira parte da artéria axilar. Mais adiante, a artéria cursava obliquamente por trás da clavícula e plexo braquial até atingir a incisura supraescapular, onde era acompanhada pelo nervo supraescapular. A partir daí, tanto o nervo quanto a artéria supraescapulares atravessavam de forma anômala por baixo do ligamento transverso da escápula. Neste ponto, irrigavam os músculos supraespinhosos e faziam parte da anastomose em torno da escápula. No lado contralateral, não havia anormalidade. Variações na origem e percurso da artéria supraescapular são de grande valor para cirurgiões ortopédicos e vasculares, angiografistas e anatomistas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Anatomic Variation , Scapula/anatomy & histology , Scapula/blood supply
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 35(2): 698-704, June 2017. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-893042

ABSTRACT

Variations of the peripheral nerve formation, communication and distribution are clinically important because such knowledge can be used for proper planning of surgeries and evaluating effects of nerve injuries and clinical imaging. Median nerve is known to have several such variations. However studies done on median nerve in Sri Lankan subjects are spars. The objective of this study was to find out anatomical variations of the median nerve with regards to its variations in roots and relations to the arteries in the axilla and arm. The study was done using 98 upper limbs of 49 formalin fixed cadavers. They were dissected and anatomy of the median nerve formations was studied focusing its variations of the roots and relation to the arteries. Anatomical variations of MN formation were observed in 33 (33.67 %) upper limbs with 4 bilateral and 25 unilateral variations. These variations were classified broadly in to two groups, variations of roots (15.3 %) and variation of arterial relations (18.37 %). There were three types of numerical variations (9.18 %) and three types of morphological variations (6.12 %) of roots. The median nerve was found to form in relation to the 2nd part of the axillary artery in 6.12 %, abnormal relation to the 3rd part of the axillary artery in 2.04 %, normal relation to the 3rd part of the axillary artery in 81.63 %, and brachial artery in 10.2 % of the specimens. The current study highlights the presence of different anatomical variations at median nerve formation with regards to its roots and arterial relations and describes three rare forms of anomalies which were not found on literature survey.


Las variaciones de la comunicación, formación y distribución del nervio periférico son clínicamente importantes para la planificación adecuada de las cirugías y para evaluar los efectos de las lesiones nerviosas y la imagen clínica. En el nervio mediano se han observado varias de estas variaciones. Sin embargo, son escasos los estudios realizados del nervio mediano en sujetos de Sri Lanka. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer las variaciones anatómicas del nervio mediano con respecto a sus raíces y las relaciones con las arterias axilar y braquial. El estudio se realizó utilizando 98 miembros superiores de 49 cadáveres fijados con formalina. Se disecó y se estudió la anatomía de las formaciones de los nervios medianos, enfocando sus variaciones a nivel de las raíces y las relaciones con las arterias. Se observaron variaciones anatómicas de la formación de nervio mediano en 33 miembros superiores (33,67 %) con 4 variaciones bilaterales y 25 unilaterales. Estas variaciones se clasificaron ampliamente en dos grupos, variaciones de raíces (15,3 %) y variación de las relaciones arteriales (18,37 %). Existen tres tipos de variaciones numéricas (9,18 %) y tres tipos de variaciones morfológicas (6,12 %) de las raíces. Se encontró que el nervio mediano se formaba en relación con la 2 parte de la arteria axilar en el 6,12 %, relación anormal con la 3 parte de la arteria axilar en 2,04 %, relación normal con la 3 parte de la arteria axilar en el 81 ,63 % y braquial en el 10,2 % de los especímenes. El presente estudio señala la presencia de diferentes variaciones anatómicas en la formación del nervio mediano con respecto a sus raíces y relaciones arteriales y describe tres anomalías raras que no se encontraron en la investigación bibliográfica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Median Nerve/abnormalities , Anatomic Variation , Cadaver
5.
Acta cir. bras ; 31(4): 218-226, Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781330

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To update the gross and sonographic anatomy and propose landmarks to perform ultrasound-guided (US-guided) axillary brachial plexus block (BPB) in rabbits. METHODS: Forty New Zeeland's rabbit (NZR) cadavers were dissected and the nerves were trimmed, identified, measured, and photographed. Additionally, in twenty NZRs, sonographic images of brachial plexus (BP) were performed through a simple-resolution ultrasound device. The US-guided block was achieved through a minimum volume of lidocaine necessary to surround the BP roots. The effectiveness of the brachial plexus block was assessed on sensitivity and motor functions. RESULTS: The BP resulted from connections between the ventral branches of the last four cervical spinal nerves and the first thoracic spinal nerve. In the axillary sonoanatomy, the BP appeared as an agglomerate of small, round hypoechoic structures surrounded by a thin hyperechoic ring. The amount of time and the minimum volume required to perform was 4.3 ± 2.3 min and 0.8 ± 0.3ml, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The gross and sonographic anatomy of the BP showed uncommon morphological variations. Moreover, from sonographic landmarks, we showed complete reproducibility of the axillary US-guided brachial plexus block with simple resolution equipment and small volume of anesthetics required.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Rabbits , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Brachial Plexus/diagnostic imaging , Models, Animal , Brachial Plexus Block/methods , Axilla/innervation , Axilla/blood supply , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Reproducibility of Results , Ultrasonography/methods , Anatomic Landmarks , Brachial Plexus Block/veterinary , Forelimb/innervation , Anesthetics, Local/administration & dosage
6.
Int. j. med. surg. sci. (Print) ; 3(1): 811-817, 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-790609

ABSTRACT

Las variaciones arteriales del miembro superior tienen su justificación en el origen embriológico. El nacimiento de la arteria radial por proximal a la interlínea articular del codo es una de las variaciones anatómicas más frecuentes y su importancia radica en el aumento de los procedimientos percutáneos sobre la arteria radial en cateterismos coronarios y en el cada vez más utilizado colgajo radial en las cirugías reconstructivas. Su trayecto superficial favorece los traumatismos y la posibilidad de confusión con las venas puede ocasionar la realización de inyecciones medicamentosas accidentales en estas arterias con sus graves consecuencias. El conocimiento de las variaciones arteriales del miembro superior, y en especial de la arteria radial presentada en esta investigación, es fundamental al momento de planear abordajes clínicos y quirúrgicos que los involucre.


The upper limb arterial variations are justified by the embryological origin of all the limb. The birth of the radial artery above the joint line of the elbow is one of the most frequent anomalies and its importance is increasing in percutaneous procedures on the radial artery, in coronary catheterizations and the increasingly used of the ra- dial flap in reconstructive surgery. Its superficial way favors injuries and the possibility of confusion with veins that can cause accidental drug performing injections in these arteries with serious consequences. Knowledge of arterial variations of the upper limb, especially the radial artery presented in this research, is essential when planning clinical and surgical approaches that involves them.


Subject(s)
Humans , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/abnormalities , Radial Artery/anatomy & histology , Radial Artery/abnormalities , Upper Extremity/blood supply , Forearm/blood supply , Cadaver , Anatomic Variation
7.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 1171-1175, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762604

ABSTRACT

A large range of variability marks the branching pattern of the axillary artery. The knowledge of the anatomical variations and this pattern is essential to diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, including surgery, of the axillary region. The aim of this study was to observe the different possible origins of circumflex humeral arteries and to measure the length and diameter of each vessel. In our study, 24 armpits from adult cadavers (fixed in tamponed formalin 10%) were dissected. The data were analyzed with a digital caliper and the results expressed as Mean ± SD. In majority of specimens, posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) arose from subscapular artery (SSA) (54.16%) and had an average diameter of 3.92±0.41 mm. The anterior circumflex humeral artery was a branch from axillary artery (AA) in the majority of the specimens (62.5%) with an average diameter of 1.83±0.68 mm. Circumflex humeral arteries can arise from SSA, deep brachial artery and AA. The result of this study is an interesting data for origin, length and diameter of these vessels, contributing to the knowledge of these variations occurrence.


Una amplia gama de variabilidad marca el patrón de ramificación de la arteria axilar. El conocimiento de las variaciones anatómicas de este patrón es esencial para enfoques de diagnóstico y terapéuticos, incluyendo la cirugía de la región axilar. El objetivo fue observar los diferentes orígenes posibles de arterias circunflejas humerales y medir la longitud y el diámetro de cada vaso. En el estudio se disecaron 24 axilas de cadáveres adultos (fijados en formalina tamponada al 10%). Los datos se analizaron con un calibrador digital y los resultados se expresaron como Media ± DS. En la mayoría de los especímenes, la arteria circunfleja humeral posterior surgió de la arteria subescapular (ASE) (54,16%) con un diámetro medio de 0,41±3,92 mm. En la mayoría de los especímenes (62,5%), la arteria circunfleja humeral anterior era una rama de la arteria axilar (AA) con un diámetro medio de 0,68±1,83 mm. Las arterias circunflejas humerales pueden surgir de la ASE, de la arteria braquial profunda y AA. El resultado de este estudio es un dato interesante para el origen, la longitud y el diámetro de los vasos, lo que contribuye al conocimiento de la ocurrencia de estas variaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Anatomic Variation , Arteries/anatomy & histology , Humerus/blood supply , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
8.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(8): 762-766, Aug. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-767731

ABSTRACT

O preá é um roedor típico da caatinga pertencente à família Caviidae. Considerando a inexistência de dados sobre o arco aórtico do preá, foi realizado este estudo tendo como objetivo descrever os ramos colaterais do arco aórtico neste cavídeo, e dessa forma, contribuir com dados para biologia da espécie. Foram utilizados vinte preás machos provenientes de estudos anteriores e encontravam-se armazenados em freezer no Centro de Multiplicação de Animais Silvestres (CEMAS/UFERSA). Os animais foram descongelados, a cavidade torácica foi aberta, a aorta canulada e o sistema vascular lavado com solução salina e em seguida, injetado látex Neoprene corado com pigmento vermelho, amarelo ou branco. Posteriormente, os animais foram fixados em formol e depois de 72 horas, dissecados e analisados, sendo obtidos desenhos esquemáticos e os exemplares mais representativos fotografados. O arco aórtico do preá emitiu como ramos colaterais, o tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda. O tronco braquiocefálico originou na maioria das peças estudadas, a artéria carótida comum esquerda e o tronco braquiocarotídeo, do qual surgem as artérias subclávia direita e carótida comum direita. As artérias subclávias direita e esquerda em todos os animais estudados emitiram a artéria vertebral, a artéria torácica interna, a artéria cervical superficial, o tronco costocervical e a artéria axilar. O padrão da formação do arco aórtico do preá assemelhou-se ao observado em outros roedores, tais como no mocó, no porquinho-da-índia e na chinchila...


Galea spixii is a typical rodent of the caatinga belonging to the Caviidae family. Considering the lack of data on the aortic arch of the galea, this study aimed to describe the collateral branches of the aortic arch in this specie and to contributes to knowledge of its biology. Twenty males from previous studies were used which had been stored in a freezer at Multiplication Center of Wild Animals (CEMAS/UFERSA). The animals were thawed, the thoracic cavity was opened and the aorta cannulated vasculature was washed with saline and then injected with Neoprene latex colored with red pigment, yellow or white. Subsequently, the animals were fixed in formalin and after 72 hours dissected and analyzed, to obtain schematic drawings and the most representative samples were photographed. The cavy aortic arch issued as collateral branches, the brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic trunk afforded in most of the specimens the left common carotid artery and the brachiocarotid trunk, where the right subclavian and right common carotid arteries arise. The right and left subclavian arteries in all animals studied issued the vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, superficial cervical artery costocervical trunk and axillary artery. The pattern of formation of the aortic arch of galea was similar to that observed in other rodents, such as the kerodon, the guinea pig and chinchilla....


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Aorta, Thoracic/anatomy & histology , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology , Guinea Pigs/anatomy & histology , Brachiocephalic Trunk/anatomy & histology , Anatomy, Comparative , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Mammary Arteries/anatomy & histology , Vertebral Artery/anatomy & histology , Rodentia/anatomy & histology
9.
Int. j. morphol ; 32(4): 1436-1443, Dec. 2014. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-734695

ABSTRACT

The subclavian-axillary arterial tree is responsible for the arterial supply to the rotator cuff muscles as well as other shoulder muscles. This study comprised the bilateral dissection of the shoulder and upper arm region in thirty-one adult and nineteen fetal cadaveric specimens. The variable origins and branching patterns of the axillary, subscapular, circumflex scapular, thoracodorsal, posterior circumflex humeral and suprascapular arteries identified in this study corroborated the findings of previous studies. In addition, unique variations that are unreported in the literature were also observed. The precise anatomy of the arterial distribution to the rotator cuff muscles is important to the surgeon and radiologist. It will aid proper interpretation of radiographic images and avoid injury to this area during surgical procedures.


El árbol arterial subclavio-axilar, es responsable del suministro arterial de los músculos correspondientes al manguito de los músculos rotadores, así como de otros músculos del hombro. Este estudio comprende la disección bilateral del hombro y la región superior del brazo en 31 cadáveres adultos y 19 fetos. Las variables y patrones del origen, ramificación de las arterias axilar, subescapular, circunfleja escapular, toracodorsal, circunfleja humeral posterior y supraescapular, identificados en este estudio, corroboran los hallazgos de estudios anteriores. Además, se observaron variaciones únicas no comunicadas previamente en la literatura. La anatomía precisa de la distribución arterial de los músculos del manguito de los músculos rotadores es importante para el cirujano y el radiólogo. Esta información constituirá una ayuda para la adecuada interpretación de imágenes radiológicas y para evitar lesiones en esta área durante los procedimientos quirúrgicos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Rotator Cuff/blood supply , Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply , Cadaver , Fetus , Anatomic Variation
10.
J. vasc. bras ; 11(1): 12-17, -mar. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-623424

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Variations in the branching pattern of the axillary artery are a rule rather than an exception. The knowledge of these variations is of anatomical, radiological, and surgical interest to explain unexpected clinical signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The large percentage of variations in branching pattern of axillary artery is making it worthwhile to take any anomaly into consideration. The type and frequency of these vascular variations should be well understood and documented, as increasing performance of coronary artery bypass surgery and other cardiovascular surgical procedures. The objective of this study is to observe variations in axillary artery branches in human cadavers. METHODS: We dissected 80 limbs of 40 human adult embalmed cadavers of Asian origin and we have studied the branching patterns of the axillary artery. RESULTS: We found variations in branching pattern of axillary artery in 62.5% of the limbs. Anatomical variations included: origin of lateral thoracic artery from the subscapular artery; absent thoracoacromial trunk and all its branches arose directly from the second part of the axillary artery; division of thoracoacromial trunk into deltoacromial and clavipectoral trunks, which were divided into all branches of thoracoacromial trunk; origin of subscapular, anterior circumflex humeral, posterior circumflex humeral and profunda brachii arteries from a common trunk from the third part of the axillary artery; and origin of posterior circumflex humeral artery from brachial artery in addition to third part of the axillary artery. CONCLUSIONS: The study was carried out to show important variations in the branching pattern of axillary artery, in order to orient the surgeons performing angiography, coronary bypass, and flaps in reconstructive surgeries.


CONTEXTO: As variações no teste padrão de ramificação da artéria axilar são preferencialmente uma regra do que uma exceção. O conhecimento destas variações é de interesse anatômico, radiológico e cirúrgico para explicar os sinais e sintomas clínicos inesperados. OBJETIVO: O grande percentual de variações no padrão de ramificação da artéria axilar deve ser levado em consideração. O uso crescente de procedimentos invasores e intervencionistas em procedimentos cirúrgicos cardiovasculares e em cirurgias reconstrutivas da região axilar faz com que seja mais importante que o tipo e a frequência destas variações vasculares sejam entendidos e documentados. MÉTODOS: Oitenta membros de 40 cadáveres adultos embalsamados de origem asiática foram dissecados, e os testes padrões de ramificação da artéria axilar foram estudados. RESULTADOS: Foram encontradas variações no padrão de ramificação da artéria axilar em 62,5% dos membros. Variações anatômicas incluíram: origem da artéria torácica lateral da artéria subescapular; tronco toracoacromial ausente e todos os ramos surgiram diretamente a partir da segunda parte da artéria axilar; divisão do tronco toracoacromial em troncos deltoacromial e clavipeitoral, que foram divididos em todos os ramos do tronco toracoacromial; origem do subescapular umeral circunflexo anterior, umeral circunflexo posterior e artérias braquiais profundas a partir de um tronco comum da terceira parte da artéria axilar; e origem da artéria umeral circunflexa posterior da artéria braquial, além de terceira parte da artéria axilar. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo foi realizado para mostrar as importantes variações no teste padrão de ramificação da artéria axilar para orientar os cirurgiões que realizam angiografias, pontes de safena e retalhos em cirurgias reconstrutivas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures , Myocardial Revascularization , Cadaver , Median Nerve/anatomy & histology
11.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 884-887, 2008.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-168525

ABSTRACT

The superficial brachial artery (SBA), a branch of the axillary artery, is one of the most common arterial variations in this area. While it is more vulnerable to accidental arterial injection or injury, it could be useful for the nourishment of a medial arm skin free flap. To analyze the relationship between the SBA of axillary origin and segmental variation of the axillary artery, we dissected 304 arms of Korean cadavers. We found an SBA of axillary origin in 12.2% of cadaveric arms. Unilateral occurrence was detected in 16 cadavers and bilateral in 10. SBAs gave rise to radial and ulnar arteries in the cubital fossa (8.9%), continued in the forearm as the radial artery (2.3%), or ended in the upper arm (1.0%). The SBA ended as ulnar artery was not found in any of the cadavers. The bifurcation of the SBA into the radial and ulnar arteries, presence of an SBA that ends in the upper arm, and the lack of continuation as the ulnar artery are characteristics of SBAs in Korean cadavers.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Arm/blood supply , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Korea , Median Nerve/blood supply , Models, Anatomic , Radial Artery/anatomy & histology , Ulnar Artery/anatomy & histology
12.
Int. j. morphol ; 24(3): 463-468, sept. 2006. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-474613

ABSTRACT

Este reporte describe la presencia de las arterias axilar y braquial duplicadas en el lado derecho de un cadáver adulto de sexo masculino. La arteria axilar derecha se bifurcó en arterias axilares I y II, localizadas posteriormente al músculo pectoral menor. Ambas arterias, con sus respectivas ramas atravesaron bajo el músculo redondo mayor y continuaron como arterias braquiales I y II, respectivamente. La arteria axilar I, que se continuó como arteria braquial I, tuvo un trayecto superficial y tortuoso, mientras que la arteria axilar II fue de poco calibre y de localización profunda. Las arterias toracoacromial, torácica lateral y subescapular se originaron de la arteria axilar I. La arteria torácica superior se originó de la arteria toracoacromial. Las arterias circunflejas humerales anterior y posterior se originaron desde la arteria axilar II. La arteria braquial profundase originó de la arteria braquial II, mientras que a nivel de la línea intercondílea, la arteria ulnar se originó de la arteria braquial I. En la fosa cubital, la arteria braquial I se dividió en arterias radial e interósea común, mientras que la arteria braquial II terminó anastomosándose con la arteria braquial I. Las arterias ulnar, radial e interóseas común continuaron como arterias independientes y tuvieron un trayecto y distribución normales en el antebrazo. La persistencia de arterias axilar y braquial dobles tiene una base embriológica, pudiendo ser de interés para la embriología experimental. El conocimiento de estas variaciones arteriales múltiples, como el presente caso, es de importancia fundamental durante la medición de flujo en los vasos sanguíneos a través de Doppler, para el diagnóstico clínico y manejo quirúrgico de enfermedades que afectan al miembro superior.


This report presents double axillary and double brachial arteries on the right side of an adult male cadaver. In this case, the right axillary artery bifurcated into axillary artery I and axillary artery II posterior to the pectoralis minor muscle. Both the axillary arteries with their branches traversed upto lower border of teres major muscle and continued further as seperate entities into the cubital fossa as brachial artery I and brachial artery II respectively. The axillary artery I which continued as brachial artery I was superficial and tortuous in its course, while the axillary artery II was slender and deeply situated. The thoraco-acromial, lateral thoracic and subscapular arteries took origin from axillary artery I. The superior thoracic artery was seen arising from the thoraco-acromial artery. The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries arose from axillary artery II.The profunda brachii artery was given off by the brachial artery II, while at the level of intercondylar line, the ulnar artery was given off by brachial artery I. In the cubital fossa, the brachial artery divided into radial and common interosseous artery, while the brachial artery II ended by anastomosis with brachial artery I. The ulnar, radial and common interosseous arteries continued as separate entities and exhibited a normal course and distribution in the forearm.The hypothesis for the embryological basis of persistence of double axillary and double brachical arteries may be useful for experimental embryology. The knowledge of such multiple arterial variations as in the present case is of immense significance during Doppler scanning of blood vessels for clinical diagnosis and surgical management of diseases of superior extremity.


Subject(s)
Male , Adult , Humans , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/abnormalities , Axillary Artery/embryology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/abnormalities , Brachial Artery/embryology , Dissection
13.
Int. j. morphol ; 24(2): 147-150, jun. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-432791

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La axila es un compartimiento piramidal relativamente pequeño, localizado entre la pared torácica y el brazo, que contiene músculos y estructuras neurovasculares. Estas estructuras son importantes desde los puntos de vista clínico y morfológico. En este artículo reportamos la presencia de una variación del músculo latisimocondíleo y de la arteria axilar, la cual se encuentra debajo del músculo mencionado. La variación es única en su tipo. La morfología y el significado clínico del músculo son discutidos.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/innervation , Axilla/anatomy & histology , Axilla/innervation , Axilla/blood supply , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Brachial Plexus/blood supply
14.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-46680

ABSTRACT

Origin and course of the articular branch of the axillary artery was recorded in 151 (43.9%) out of 344 axilla during the routine dissection. The branch was observed in 60.5% right side and 39.4% left side of male axilla, whereas in 55.5% right and 44.4% left side of female axilla and the difference was found significant (P < 0.001) among the gender. The orientation of the articular branch on right and left side was of similar proportion in both the sexes. The articular branch entered into the shoulder joint either upper, middle or lower part of the capsule of joint. This articular branch originated mostly from the lateral aspect of second part of the axillary artery below to the origin of the lateral thoracic artery. This is a rare observation and is of importance to clinicians dealing with the shoulder joint.


Subject(s)
Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Cadaver , Female , Humans , Male , Shoulder Joint/blood supply
15.
Int. j. morphol ; 20(2): 201-204, 2002. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-388084

ABSTRACT

Lesiones de la arteria axilar se debe principalmente a traumatismos penetrantes, aunque puede ocurrir también como consecuencia de traumatismos crónicos debido el uso inadecuado de muletas o por caídas sobre el miembro superior estirado, entre otras causas. La presencia de variaciones arteriales a nivel axilar adquiere importancia ya que hematomas axilares podrían comprimir al plexo braquial y, por ende, producir un déficit neurológico, incluso permanente aún con la descompresión quirúrgica inmediata. Describimos el origen axilar de la arteria profunda del brazo encontrada en un cadáver formolizado, de sexo masculino, adulto disecado en la Disciplina de Anatomía Humana de la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Chile. La arteria axilar del miembro superior izquierdo dio origen, distal al nacimiento de la arteria circunfleja humeral posterior, a la arteria profunda del brazo, la cual seguía en dirección al brazo, por delante del tendón del músculo gran dorsal para, posteriormente, emitir la arteria colateral ulnar superior, penetrando en el brazo y siguiendo un trayecto normal junto al nervio radial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Arm/innervation , Cadaver , Dissection
16.
Rev. chil. cienc. méd. biol ; 10(1): 13-6, 2000. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282108

ABSTRACT

El arco muscular de la axila corresponde a una variación anatómica que se extiende entre el tendón del músculo gran dorsal y estructuras vecinas de la región axilar. Durante la disección de 46 regiones axilares se encontró en un individuo adulto, blanco, de sexo masculino, un músculo triangular, bilateral, que se originaba a nivel del tendón del músculo gran dorsal y se insertaba en la zona del tubérculo mayor del húmero junto al tendón del músculo pectoral mayor. Este músculo supernumerario corresponde a un arco muscular de la axila bien desarrollado, que cruzaba los vasos y nervios axilares. Por su localización puede comprimir las estructuras mencionadas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Arm/anatomy & histology , Axilla/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Axilla/blood supply , Brachial Plexus/anatomy & histology , Dissection , Pectoralis Muscles/anatomy & histology
17.
Rev. chil. anat ; 17(1): 27-31, 1999. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-255241

ABSTRACT

Los orígenes de la arteria intercostal superior apartir de la arteria axilar o bien de la arteria cervucal profunda (ACP) descriras por CHAVEAU & ARLONG (1905 por ciento) como anomalías, no fueron observados en nuestra experiencia. El desplazamiento de la arteria escapular dorsal hacia el 3º espacio intercostal y de la arteria cervical profunda hacia el 2º espacio intercostal descritos por este autor, fueron observados en los casos examinados. A su vez, el origen en común de la arteria cervical superficial y arteria torácica externa no fue observado. Si bien la ATE puede originarse de la arteria torácica interna como describe CHAVEAU & ARLOING, en nuestras diseccionesfue observado como colateral de la arteria torácica interna. El comportamiento de la arteria costocervical y arteria cervical profunda cuanto a su origen, a partir de un tronco común, Coincide con las variaciones descritas por GETTY, (1982). Las aseveraciones efectuadas por BOSSI et al., (1903) sobre el mayor porcentaje de variaciones en la arteria costocervical y arteria torácica externa, no coinciden con nuestras descripciones. Existe coincidencia con BOSSI et al. En cuanto al uso del término <> y no el de arteria subclavia en perisodáctilos domésticos, ya que no existe una clavícula perfectamente desarrollada que justifique tal denominación. Los datos obtenidos del matrial procesado, indican variaciones a nivel de las colaterales intatóracicas, entre las que merecen especial mención las arterias costo cervical y cervical profunda, en las cuales fue observado el mayor número de variaciones, en su origen, trayecto y terminación. El conocimiento de sus variaciones es importante tanto en el campo de la Anatomía como el de la Cirugía , ya que permite evitar errores, a veces insalvables, durante el acto quirúrgico de patologías de la región torácica


Subject(s)
Animals , Equidae/anatomy & histology , Brachiocephalic Trunk/anatomy & histology , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Mammary Arteries/anatomy & histology , Brachiocephalic Trunk/abnormalities , Vertebral Artery/anatomy & histology
18.
An. anat. norm ; 7: 162-3, 1989.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-87678

ABSTRACT

Las variaciones de la vascularización de la extremidad superior son relativamente frecuentes, existiendo algunos trabajos en la literatura moderna sobre el particular (Weathersby, 1959; Jurius, 1986). Se disecó la extremidad derecha de un cadáver del Instituto de Anatomía Humana de la Facultad de Medicina de la UACH; sexo masculino 62 años cuya causa de defunción fue Ca. esofágico. Se trabajó con técnica estandar de disección. La nomenclatura utilizada corresponde a la Nómina Anatómica (1986). Se pintó con hematoxilina los vasos arteriales. Se usó material fotográfico Agfa y objetivo de acercamiento. Se observa que la arteria braquial da como primera rama un grueso tronco que se ubica medial a ella y que desciende en forma paralela, para luego cruzar hacia lateral a nivel del codo entre la arteria braquial por atrás, y expansión radial en un plano muy superficial; dando, sobre el epicóndilo interno, como colateral la arteria ulnar inferior. La arteria braquial desciende por el brazo dando sus otras ramas y luego de cruzar el codo se transforma en arteria ulnar, la cual presenta una disposición clásica. Se compara estos resultados con los trabajos de Testut (1979) Weathersby (1959), Jurjus (1986), Chatain (1986) y con el desarrollo ontogénico de los vasos de la extremidad superior en la especie humana (Taure, 1960). Con este patrón de variación arterial del brazo y antebrazo podemos concluir un nacimiento alto de la arteria radial que se informa con una frecuencia de un 10% (Testut, 1979) y además presenta una ubicación superficial lo que la hace más vulnerable a traumatismos y hemorragia


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology , Brachial Artery/anatomy & histology , Extremities/anatomy & histology , Subclavian Artery/anatomy & histology
19.
Rev. bras. cir ; 78(3): 175-7, maio-jun. 1988. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-73768

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho relata uma rara variaçäo de bifurcaçäo alta da artéria esquerda e sua distribuiçäo, encontrada em um cadáver, masculino, branco, dissecado na Disciplina de Aantomia Descritiva e Topográfica da Escola Paulista de Medicina. A artéria axilar após um trajeto de 16 mm, posteriormente ao músuclo peitoral menor bifurca-se emduas artérias que foram determinadas, de acordo com o território de irrigaçäo: toracoaxilobraquial (TAB) e braquial. Os colaterais da artéria TAB säo: ramos para o músculo peitoral menor e um para o músculo coracobraquial, artéria subescapular e artérias circunflexas anterior e posterior do úmero. Ao nível da parte média do tendäo do músculo grande dorsal, a artéria TAB divide-se nas artérias profunda do baço e colateral ulnar superior. Os colaterais da artéria braquial säo: um ramo peitoral e artéria torácica lateral. Ao nível da fossa cubital a artéria braquial divide-se nas artérias radial e ulnar


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Axillary Artery/anatomy & histology
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